Your browser doesn't support javascript.
loading
Show: 20 | 50 | 100
Results 1 - 9 de 9
Filter
2.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 149(9): 1360-1371, sept. 2021. tab, ilus
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1389596

ABSTRACT

Non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) has a high prevalence and risk of progression to cirrhosis and other complications in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Likewise, the presence of NAFLD implies a high risk of developing T2DM, determining a bidirectional relationship between them. The diabetology and hepatology societies, developed a joint initiative aiming to unify criteria, reviewing the definitions, diagnostic criteria, risk stratification, treatment, and follow-up of patients with NAFLD and T2DM. The key questions to be discussed were defined by a panel of specialists in diabetology and hepatology. The Delphi methodology was used to reach consensus on the respective recommendations. Based on the discussion generated among the experts, diagnostic and treatment algorithms were proposed, as well as an indication for referral and the role of the different specialists involved in the management of these patients. Strengthening multidisciplinary work with patients with NAFLD and T2DM will allow the early recognition of the disease, the prevention of the progression to cirrhosis, and reducing the associated complications.


Subject(s)
Humans , Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2/complications , Non-alcoholic Fatty Liver Disease/complications , Gastroenterology , Chile/epidemiology
3.
Arch. med ; 21(2): 403-415, 2021-04-25.
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1291768

ABSTRACT

Objetivo: esta investigación pretende determinar la frecuencia de conductas autolesivas en una muestra de estudiantes de un colegio de Manizales (Caldas, Colombia). En las últimas dos décadas las conductas autolesivas han aumentado significativamente en la población adolescente. Materiales y métodos: se empleó una muestra por conveniencia de 58 estudiantes (de una población de 538). Se cuantificaron variables demográficas, la frecuencia de conductas autolesivas, factores de riesgo, y se cuantificaron mediante escalas la satisfacción familiar, ansiedad y depresión y acoso escolar (bullying). Resultados: se encontró que una proporción de 22,4% presentaban conductas autolesivas (auto corte, auto golpearse, auto arañarse, intoxicación, arrancarse el cabello, auto quemarse), 10,3% consumo de sustancias psicoactivas, 36,4% consumo de bebidas alcohólicas, 50% probable ansiedad, 56,9% probable depresión. 66,95% de satisfacción familiar. Como factores asociados a autolesiones se encontraron ansiedad, depresión, orientación sexual, consumo de sustancias psicoactivas, bebidas alcohólicas e intento de suicidio en los últimos dos años. Conclusiones: la prevalencia de conductas autolesivas y los factores asociados a estas conductas en esta población es similar a lo reportado en el país y en el mundo, situación que llama la atención, más si se tiene en cuenta que es un importante predictor de suicidio; por tanto, es urgente que las autoridades competentes de la ciudad desarrollen e implementes intervenciones educativas dirigidas a reducir los factores de riesgo de CA, y así, contribuir a la disminución potencial de las tasas de suicidio en Manizales..(Au)


Objective: this research aims to determine the frequency of self-injurious behaviors in a sample of students from a school in Manizales (Caldas, Colombia). In the last two decades, self-injurious behaviors have increased significantly in the adolescent population. Materials and methods: a convenience sample of 58 students (from a population of 538) was used. Demographic variables, the frequency of self-injurious behavior, risk factors were quantified, and family satisfaction, anxiety and depression, and bullying were quantified using scales. Results: it was found that a proportion of 22.4% had self-injurious behaviors (self-cutting, self-hitting, self-scratching, intoxication, hair pulling, self-burning), 10.3% consumption of psychoactive substances, 36.4% consumption of alcoholic beverages, 50% probable anxiety, 56.9% probable depression. 66.95 family satisfaction. As factors associated with self-harm, anxiety, depression, sexual orientation, consumption of psychoactive substances, alcoholic beverages and attempted suicide in the last two year were found. Conclusions: a frequency of self-harm was determined in this population, and associated factors similar to that found in other student populations nationally and internationally. It was determined that this phenomenon of global importance is also present, to a considerable extent, in young students from Manizales city (Colombia)..(Au)

4.
Rev. colomb. reumatol ; 28(1): 46-51, ene.-mar. 2021. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1341359

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: La actual definición de osteoporosis es basada en la absorciometría de energía dual de Rx (DXA, por sus siglas en inglés), lo cual representa la principal técnica para la cuantificación de la densidad mineral ósea (DMO) y la evaluación del riesgo de fractura. El objetivo de este estudio fue determinar la DMO en columna lumbar y cuello femoral de adultos sanos desde el punto de vista metabólico óseo en una población de Bogotá-Colombia. Métodos: Se realizó un estudio observacional, analítico, de corte transversal, basado en un cuestionario aplicado a la población de estudio. Las medidas densitométricas fueron realizadas con un equipo compacto de alto rendimiento de la General Electric, modelo iDXA, por el mismo tecnólogo en los sitios esqueléticos de interés, columna lumbar L1, L2, L3, L4 y L1-4 en proyección anteroposterior y en cuello femoral. El cálculo del tamaño de muestra se realizó teniendo en cuenta la estratificación por sexo y 2 grupos de edad: 20 a 29 años y 30 a 39 años. Se encuestó a 805 individuos y 432 se realizaron la densitometría ósea. Resultados: Los valores encontrados en columna lumbar para cada uno de los grupos de nuestra población, fueron: 1,150 g/cm2 (DE: 0,11), 1,180 g/cm2 (DE: 0,10), para mujeres y hombres de 20 a 29 años, y 1,169 g/cm2 (DE: 0,10), 1,209 g/cm2 (DE: 0,10) para mujeres y hombres de 30 a 39 años, respectivamente. A nivel del cuello femoral, 0,991 g/cm2 (DE: 0,10), 1,119 g/cm2 (DE: 0,13), para mujeres y hombres de 20 a 29 años, y 0,970 g/cm2 (DE: 0,11), 1,079 g/cm2 (DE: 0,13) para mujeres y hombres de 30 a 39 años, respectivamente. Conclusión: Este estudio pudo demostrar el comportamiento de la DMO en nuestra población, la cual es inferior a la detectada en otras latitudes y a las utilizadas como valores de referencia en nuestros equipos. Adicionalmente, se determinó el valor máximo de masa ósea en cada una de las regiones de interés para los rangos de edad de la población de nuestro estudio.


ABSTRACT Introduction: The current definition of osteoporosis is based on the dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DXA), which represents the main technique for the quantification of bone mineral density (BMD) and the evaluation of fracture risk. The objective of this study was to determine the BMD in the lumbar spine and femoral neck of healthy adults from a bone metabolism point of view in a population of Bogotá-Colombia. Method: An observational, analytical, cross-sectional study was conducted based on a questionnaire completed by the study population. The densitometric measurements were carried out using a high-performance compact equipment of the General Electric, iDXA model, by the same technologist at the skeletal sites of interest, lumbar spine L1, L2, L3, L4 and L1-4 in anteroposterior projection, and in femoral neck. The sample size calculation was performed taking into account stratification by gender and 2 age groups: 20 to 29 years, and 30 to 39 years. A total of 805 individuals were surveyed, and 432 bone densitometries were performed. Results: The values found in the lumbar spine for each of the groups in our population were: 1.150 g/cm2 (SD: 0.11), 1.180 g/cm2 (SD: 0.10), for women and men aged 20 to 29 years, and 1.169 g/cm2 (SD: 0.10), 1.209 g/cm2 (SD: 0.10) for women and men aged 30 to 39, respectively. At the level of the femoral neck, 0.991 g/cm2 (SD: 0.10), 1.119 g/cm2 (SD: 0.13), for women and men aged 20 to 29 years, respectively, and 0.970 g/cm2 (SD: 0.11), 1.079 g/cm2 (SD: 0.13) for women and men aged 30 to 39, respectively. Conclusion: This study was able to demonstrate the behaviour of BMD in our population, which is lower than that detected in other latitudes and those used as reference values in our equipment. Additionally, the maximum bone mass value was determined in each of the locations of interest for the age ranges of the population in our study.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Bone Density , Colombia , Densitometry , Spine , Weights and Measures , Cross-Sectional Studies , Femur Neck
5.
CES med ; 33(3): 215-223, sep.-dic. 2019. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS-Express | LILACS | ID: biblio-1055551

ABSTRACT

Resumen La osteogénesis imperfecta es una rara anomalía genética que se carac teriza por una baja masa ósea y susceptibilidad aumentada a fracturas. La mayoría de los casos se asocian a variantes en los genes COL1A1 y COL1A2 que codifican para el colágeno tipo I. Se ha clasificado en cua tro tipos, siendo el tipo IV el menos frecuente. Se presenta un caso de osteogénesis imperfecta tipo IV en una niña de seis meses, quien tenía escleras azules y acortamiento bilateral del fémur y desviación en varo de la tibia. Las radiografías mostraron desproporción craneofacial y hue sos wormianos, fusión atlanto-odontoidea; luxación coxo-femoral bila teral congénita, acortamiento y desviación del fémur bilateral, fractura antigua en fémur derecho y osteopenia generalizada. Se realizó panel molecular que incluyó los genes ALPL, COL1A1, COL1A2 e IFITM5, mos trando en COL1A2 una transición en heterocigosis de guanina a adenina (c.2531G>A), cambio asociado con osteogénesis imperfecta. El objetivo de este reporte es brindar información sobre la presentación clínica, los métodos diagnósticos y las posibilidades terapéuticas de una rara enfer medad genética.


Abstract Osteogenesis imperfecta is a rare genetic anomaly characterized by low bone mass and increased susceptibility to fractures. The majority of cases are associated with variants in the COL1A1 and COL1A2 genes that code for type I collagen. It has been classified into four types, with type IV being the least frequent. We present a case of osteogenesis imperfecta type IV in a six-month-old girl, who had blue scleras and bilateral shortening of the femur and varus deviation of the tibia. X-rays showed craniofacial disproportion and wormian bones, atlanto-odontoid fusion; bilateral congenital bilateral coxo-femoral dislocation, shortening and deviation of the bilateral femur, old fracture in the right femur and generalized osteopenia. A molecular panel was carried out that included the ALPL, COL1A1, COL1A2 and IFITM5 genes, showing in COL1A2 a transition in guanine to adenine heterozygosis (c.2531G>A), a change associated with osteogenesis imperfecta. The objective of this report is to provide information on the clinical presentation, diagnostic methods and therapeutic possibilities of a rare genetic disease.

6.
Rev. méd. Chile ; 147(9): 1099-1106, set. 2019. tab, graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-1058651

ABSTRACT

Background: Cirrhotic patients have an increased surgical risk due to potential intra and postoperative complications. Aim: To describe the clinical characteristics and surgical complications of cirrhotic patients undergoing surgery in a Chilean university hospital. Patients and Methods: Review of medical records of 102 cirrhotic patients aged 60 ± 11 years (52% males) who underwent elective or urgency surgery at an university hospital between 2010 and 2016. General, pre-surgical, and post-surgical complications were recorded. Results: The main etiologies of cirrhosis were non-alcoholic steatohepatitis (31%), and alcoholic cirrhosis (28%). Child-Pugh scores were A, B and C in 50, 28 and 22% of cases respectively. Median MELD (Model for End-stage Liver Disease) score was 11 (interquartile range: 10-15). The surgical procedure was elective in 71% of cases, with predominance of abdominal surgery (86%). The American Society of Anesthesiologists (ASA) score was three or more in 52% of patients. The frequency of any adverse outcome was 62%. The frequency increased along with the severity of cirrhosis and when surgery was urgent. The most common complications were acute renal failure (24%), increased ascites (23%) and encephalopathy (22%). Admission to intensive care unit occurred on 26% of patients, with six hospital deaths. Conclusions: In these patients, surgical complications were common, although with low mortality.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Middle Aged , Aged , End Stage Liver Disease , Severity of Illness Index , Chile/epidemiology , Elective Surgical Procedures , Liver Cirrhosis/surgery , Liver Cirrhosis/complications
7.
Rev. cuba. salud pública ; 45(1): e1189, ene.-mar. 2019. graf
Article in Spanish | LILACS | ID: biblio-991124

ABSTRACT

RESUMEN Introducción: La automedicación es un problema de salud, especialmente, en estudiantes que viven en residencias universitarias. Objetivo: Caracterizar la automedicación en estudiantes que viven en una residencia universitaria de la ciudad de Chillán. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo transversal. La muestra fue no probabilística y quedó conformada por 102 estudiantes que representaron el 68 % del universo. Para caracterizar la práctica de automedicación se creó un instrumento basado en la literatura, el cual se validó por expertos y prueba piloto. Resultados: Se obtuvo una prevalencia de automedicación del 81,2 %. Las principales razones refieren no considerar necesario consultar al médico (46 %). Si la sintomatología persiste, un 56 % concurre al médico. La adquisición de medicamentos es principalmente en farmacias (63 %) y las fuentes de promoción de la conducta son lideradas por familiares (51 %) y amigos (47,6 %). Los síntomas más frecuentes que fueron causa de la automedicación fueron: dolor de cabeza, gripe e inflamaciones, las cuales fueron tratadas preferentemente por el grupo de fármacos antiinflamatorios no esteroideos. El 80 % considera que automedicarse es una práctica riesgosa, el 64 % ha recomendado algún medicamento y un 46 % tienen un stock de ellos en su lugar de residencia. Conclusiones: La automedicación constituye una forma de autocuidado que debe ser enfocada en forma conjunta por todos los entes participantes a fin de minimizar los potenciales riesgos asociados.


ABSTRACT Introduction: Self-medication is a health problem, especially in students who live in university residences. Objective: To characterize self- medication in students from a university dorm in the city of Chillán, Chile. Methods: Cross-sectional, descriptive study. The sample was non- probabilistic and it was formed by 102 students that represented the 68 % of the sample group. In order to evaluate self- medication and its characteristics, a tool was created based on the literature, which was validated by experts and a pilot test. Results: There was a self-medication's prevalence of 81,2 %. The main causes for doing it have to do with that they do not consider necessary to consult a doctor (46 %); if the symptomatology persists, 56 % of them go to the doctor. The acquisition of medicines comes mainly from pharmacies (63 %) and the sources of behavior's promotion are led by relatives (51%) and friends (47,6 %). The more frequent symptoms reported were: headaches, flu and inflammation, which were preferably treated by non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. The 80 % considered that self- medication is a risky practice; nevertheless, 64 % have sometimes recommended a medicine and 46 % of them have a medicine's stock at home. Conclusions: Self- medication establishes a way of self-care that should be focused jointly by all participating entities to minimize the potential associated risks.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adolescent , Self Medication/adverse effects , Self Medication/psychology , Chile , Epidemiology, Descriptive , Cross-Sectional Studies
8.
Rev. colomb. cardiol ; 22(1): 22-26, ene.-feb. 2015. ilus, tab
Article in English | LILACS, COLNAL | ID: lil-757942

ABSTRACT

Purpose : To evaluate the correlations between body adiposity index and other adiposity indexes such as body mass index, hip and waist circumference, waist-to-hip ratio, ∑6 skinfold-thickness and percentage body fat in Colombian elite athletes. Methods :A cross-sectional study was conducted in 149 elite athletes from Colombia (mean age: 26.3 ± 6.5 years; height: 169.2 ± 10.1 cm; body mass: 66.1 ± 12.8 kg; body mass index 22.9 ± 3.0 kg m-1). body adiposity index, body mass index, waist-to-hip ratio, percentage body fat, ∑6 skinfold-thickness and waist circumference were also measured. Results : To select an optimal surrogate for adiposity, we examined the correlation between body adiposity percentage as measured by BIA and several variables, including body adiposity index, body mass index, ∑6 skinfold-thickness, percentage body fat and waist-to-hip ratio. The regression procedure showed that there was a significant relationship between the body adiposity index and BF% (R² = 0.407, p < 0.01). Bland-Altman plot showed that the limits of agreement (95% confidence intervals) between the BF% and body adiposity index ranged between 15.53 and 2.26%, and there was a significant positive association between the difference and mean of the 2 methods (rho = 0.607, p < 0.01). Conclusion: The adiposity indexes that include the percentage body fat and body adiposity index could be used as indicators to evaluate the corporal composition in both sport practice and research.


Objetivo: Evaluar la correlación entre el índice de adiposidad corporal y otros índices de adiposidad como el índice de masa corporal, la circunferencia de cintura, la circunferencia de cadera, la relación cintura-cadera, la sumatoria de pliegues cutáneos (∑6) y el porcentaje de grasa corporal en atletas de élite colombianos. Métodos: Estudio descriptivo y transversal en 149 atletas de élite de Colombia (edad 26,3 ± 6,5 años; estatura: 169,2 ± 10,1 cm; peso corporal: 66,1 ± 12,8 kg; índice de masa corporal 22,9 ± 3,0 kg.m-1). El índice de adiposidad corporal, circunferencia de cintura, circunferencia de cadera, porcentaje de grasa corporal y la∑6 pliegues cutáneos, se midieron como indicadores de adiposidad. Resultados: Los resultados de la regresión muestran una relación significativa entre el índice de adiposidad corporal con el porcentaje de grasa corporal (R² = 0,407; p < 0,01). La gráfica de Bland-Altman mostró que los límites de acuerdo (intervalos de confianza del 95%) entre el índice de adiposidad corporal y el porcentaje de grasa corporal oscilaron entre 15,53 y 2,26%. Una asociación positiva y significativa fue observada entre la diferencia y la media de los 2 métodos (rho spearman = 0,607; p < 0,01). Conclusión: Los índices de adiposidad que incluyen el índice de adiposidad corporal y el porcentaje de grasa corporal podrían ser indicadores para evaluar la composición corporal, tanto en la práctica del deporte como en la investigación.


Subject(s)
Humans , Adult , Cardiology , Exercise , Adiposity , Obesity
SELECTION OF CITATIONS
SEARCH DETAIL